| The process of dividing inherited lands between all surviving male beneficaries, which steadily reduced Germany to a trivial conglomeration of petty principalities over a period of centuries, was responsible for the splitting of Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt in 1567. Both states fought against France in the Revolutionary Wars, but in 1795 Hessen-Kassel made peace with France at Basle, and Hess-Darmstadt, under the Landgraf Ludwig X, made peace at Luneville in 1801. Otto von Pivka examines the history, organisation and uniforms of the armies of these two states
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